C6 Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

C6 Marketing Management - Essay Example ASW’s course of action is formulated and analyzed as per the market situation. In the Marketing Strategy section, the target market is discussed and recommendations of introducing an exclusive web portal for the customers on which they can place orders from their homes and pick it up as per their convenience. For this, ASW will need a strong technological backing in order to execute this plan. Alongside this, ASW must open more stores in the format of High Street supermarkets because the company experienced lagging sales in the winter because of the snow where people could not access the stores. The report also gauges the campaign’s financial feasibility with a tentative budget. All in all, the campaign would prove to be a success because of its appealing idea of convenience to the customers for which they are even willing to pay a little extra. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS 3 Analysis of the Industry 5 Competitor Analysis 6 Tar get Market 6 Brand Positioning for ASW 7 (Hong Kong Retail Management Association. 2010) 8 Retail Marketing Strategy 8 Product 8 Price 9 Place 10 Promotion 10 FINANCIAL PLAN 11 EXECUTING THE PLAN 12 IDENTIFYING RISKS 13 CONCLUSION 14 REFERENCES 16 INTRODUCTION ASW was officially found in 1828 and has now grown into a global giant with presence in 33 countries and more than 9000 stores worldwide. Since its establishment, ASW has grown from just a food and grocery retailer to a manufacturer as well and has added non-food merchandise into its merchandising mix. The company employs a workforce of about 98,000 people across the globe spread out in the markets of the UK, Europe and Asia (aswatson.com, 2011). ASW’s strategy is to strengthen its assortment in the category of non-food items further and bring it up to the level of its food category. It is also to illuminate its presence in global markets alongside global giants. One of the company’s strengths is its ability to c onnect with the community in which it operates. This ability has led it to growth in the international markets because ASW tailors itself according to the needs of its customers. Besides this, ASW usually uses the Joint Venture mode of entry into international markets which minimizes risks and compliments the company’s strategy of localizing according to different markets (baltictimes.com, 2004). SITUATION ANALYSIS According to the Hong Kong Retail Management Association, the regulatory body of the Hong Kong retail industry states that there are approximately 60,000 retail businesses in all in the industry, including food, non-food, round-the-corner store, multi-channel, small and large retailers. The retail industry records a turnover of HKD 300.03 billion hence contributing 87% to the total GDP. (Business Monitor International, 2010) This organized retail industry consists of a few major players with ASW being the leader. It faces competition from giants such namely Harvey Nichols, Lane Crawford, Sogo, Seibu, AEON, UNY, Wing On etc (Chine-HongKong-travelguide.com, 2010). After the global financial turmoil, the Hong Kong economy is slowly on its way to recovery. As far as the retail environment is concerned, despite the economic slowdown in the year 2007, the industry has shown growth and the industry has registered increases in sales in the year 2010 (Business Monitor International, 2010). Besides that, the industry is expected to experience

Yukio Mishimas novel The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea Essay Example for Free

Yukio Mishimas novel The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea Essay How does Fusako and Ryujis first encounter foreshadow the dynamics of their future relationship? In Yukio Mishimas novel The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea, first encounters between characters are fundamental in developing their relationship dynamic. When Fusako Kuroda and Noboru are led onto the ship Rakuyo, Ryuji-its second officer in command-is appointed as their guide. Mishima uses dominant diction and invigorating imagery to immediately introduce the romantic nature of their prevailing relationship, and to foreshadow the future sacrifices both characters will have to endure in the name of love. After both having been deprived of close social interaction for many years, Fusako and Ryuji are at first uncomfortable when dealing with each others presence. Initially, Ryujis eyes confronted her. The attention does not flatter Fusako- instead she feels as though Ryuji is challenging the independence she has worked so hard to develop ever since her husband died. Unable to compose her emotions, Fusako blames the uncomfortable(30) moment on Ryuji, for his eyes had no business piercing that way(29). Mishimas diction in the words ravaging, piercing, shudder, disconcerted, oppress and probed continues to highlight the invasive tension of their interaction. While Fusako struggles to explain her emotional reaction to Ryujis presence, it slowly becomes clear to the reader that the tension created is one of excitement, rather than distaste. The attention is overwhelming, but the opportunity for desire, and being desired, overweighs the unnaturalness of the initial confrontation. As she then opens up her parasol against the sun(30), she discovers something unexpected in the shadow of his heavy brow(30-31). It is as if the oppressive broad light of day(31) forces Fusako to maintain a socially accepted persona, and by protecting herself from its scrutiny, she finds comfort in the shades non-judgmental darkness. It is in this freedom that Fusako discerns a deeper emotional understanding in Ryujis similarly dark shadows of his brow-perhaps a glisten in his deep-set(29) eyes. Mishima builds on this emotional connection with the introduction of chemistry. When standing side-by-side, the heat of his body in the sultry chart room(31) becomes almost too much for Fusako to handle-she faints. Mishima uses the imagery of heat to add to the energy of their physical attraction. Although sudden, it is no longer a shock to the reader when Fusako proposes Ryuji join her for dinner the next evening. Although spoken coolly(35), these were the words of a woman stricken with heat(35) the heat of the now undeniable attraction. The emotional development of Fusakos character during her first encounter with Ryuji is reflected in the extensive imagery of the cargo being hoisted out of the ships hold. The hold in which the cargo was kept is a large, dark fissure in the steel plates of the deck(34). This cargo has a double entendre since it also symbolizes Fusakos emotional baggage. In the large, dark fissure, the emotionally suppressed Fusako has lived isolated from the world of love, happiness, and opportunity, and held captive by the steel plates of societys expectations. When lifted, the slats of sunlight slipped nimbly over the crates as they wheeled through the air(35). This recurring light imagery refers us back to the idea of light revealing the cargo, in the same way Fusako feels scrutinized by the strong sun; light sheds all the imperfections that shadows mask. But, faster even then the shattered light the cargo sped(35). This shows that Fusako, by letting go of the strict independence that has limited her life, is able to dominate over societys supposition. The light is shattered by the strength of Fusakos true emerging character. Ryuji is the one that has allowed her to take this terrifyingly deliberate prelude and the sudden, reckless flight(35). It is as if after years of independently brooding her husbands death that Fusako finally sees the chance to re-enter the world. Mishima uses the contrast of the organization insinuated in deliberate prelude and the carelessness associated with reckless flight, to mark the turning point in the development of Fusakos character. She feels load after heavy load of freight being lifted from her and whisked away(35), releasing her from the emotional stress burdening her freedom. Although liberating Fusako, the marvel was also an indignity(35). A disgrace in the sense that it had taken so long for Fusako to admit to her social demise. If she had not experienced the catharsis, she could have accumulated a cargo so large it could have held her down forever. Mishima portrays the scene as an emancipation-saving Fusako from an inevitably empty future. Thus, the encounter with Ryuji presents her with the opportunity to take a risk a risk of becoming dependent on something other than herself. Mishima uses sea imagery to insinuate an equally significant affect of the first encounter on Ryuji. Lacking fulfillment from his life at sea, Ryuji sees Fusako as his new ship on the horizon. The life of a sailor is one of solitude, for Ryuji it was one of an empty solitude at that. It is not surprising that his eyes, catching Fusako in their gaze, sought her out as though she were a tiny spot on the horizon(29). Deprived of social interaction, sailors constantly search the horizon in hope of sighting another ship another companion. For Ryuji, Fusako is a tiny spot emotionally distant and out of his reach. But, as if waiting for her to come nearer, his eyes are focusing so sharply without leagues of sea between them(29). The sea was always a protective barrier between Ryuji and offers of stability on land. Now, without the sea to shield him, Fusako represents everything that he has been denied. He is finally able to focus, and realize what he wants in life love, companionship, security. Not only does Ryuji reveal a strong interest in Fusako, but he expresses doubt concerning his current lifestyle at sea. He refers to it as a miserable business(31) and fails to emit professional pride(30). By allowing Fusako to take the role of Ryujis sighted vessel(29), Mishima is foreshadowing the replacement of Ryujis interest in Fusako for his dedication to his ship, and essentially the triumph of Fusakos presence on land for his lonely existence at sea. Mishima manages to uncover the complex nature of Fusako and Ryujis relationship within just the brief moments of their first encounter. He marks the beginning of a dominant romantic connection that fuels the novels plot as both characters continue to make sacrifices-Fusako in surrendering her independence and Ryuji in giving up his dream of achieving glory at sea. However, although portrayed as love throughout the novel, both characters are motivated by a requisite to fill a certain void of affection. The reader is made to wonder whether it was really true love that was discovered at their first encounter, or a mere mutual greed for intimacy.

And Then There Were None :: essays research papers

And Then There Were None I did my book critique on And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie. Agatha Christie was born on September 5, 1890, in Torquay England. In 1914 she married Colonel Archibald Christie. They had one daughter, whose name was Rosalind, and then they divorced in 1928. She started writing in 1920, and her first book published was The Mysterious Affair at Styles. She wrote And Then There Were None in 1939. Agatha Christie has become one of the most famous writer of mystery novels. And Then There Were None is a murder mystery type book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And Then There Were None takes place on an island in the middle of the ocean, but it doesn’t say the years it takes place in.In And Then There Were None, eight people who do not know each other were all invited to an island off of the English coast. The eight people are Vera Claythorne, Philip Lombard, William Blore, Dr. Armstrong, Emily Brent, General Macarthur, Tony Marston, and Judge Wargrave. They all think they are going to the island for different reasons. When they arrive at the island they are greeted by Mr. and Mrs. Rogers, but the host is Mr. Owens (but he isn’t there). After they eat dinner they go into a different room and a recorded voice accuses each of them committing a murder that was never uncovered. Later that night Tony Martson dies from poisoned whiskey. The next morning Mrs. Rogers died in her sleep. That day General Macarthur goes out to the ocean and is killed there. After General Macarthur dies each of the guests think that the killer is one of each of them. The next day, Mr. Rogers is killed while chopping wood while preparing for breakfast. On the dining room table there were ten Indian figures, but after a person is killed one disappears each time. After breakfast Emily Brent is killed because someone injected poison into her neck. Later Judge Wargrave was found with a shot in his head. The next day when Blore is walking back to the house someone pushes a statue out of the second story, and it lands on Blore, killing him. When Vera and Lombard go looking for Blore, they find Armstrong’s drowned body on the beach. Since only Vera and Lombard are left, Vera thinks Lombard is the killer, and takes his gun and shoots him.

Expanding the FMLA in CAlifornia Essay -- essays research papers

Problem Identification Every day in California, working men and women face conflicts between their work responsibilities and their families. In order to work they must make arrangements for their children and elderly family members who need assistance. They address these conflicts through a variety of child-care, after-school, and eldercare arrangements. But sometimes when a child is seriously ill, an aging parent’s health deteriorates suddenly, or a baby is born or adopted, these daily arrangements are no longer adequate. At such times of family need, an employee simply must take time off from work because no alternative care arrangements will do. That is why in 1993, Congress passed the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which was the first national policy designed to help working people balance their work and family responsibilities. It guarantees that people who work for companies with more than 50 employees can take up to 12 weeks’ unpaid leave a year to care for a newborn or newly-ado pted child or for certain seriously ill family members, or to recover from their own serious health conditions. Unfortunately, taking unpaid family leave is a luxury most Californians can not afford, so new mandates must be instituted to help insure that our state’s families can have a healthy and affordable balance between work and family responsibilities. Many groups have different views on how this issue should be resolved and that is why I have chosen to use the group theory to explain this problem. There are three workable resolutions that I have chosen to discuss; expanding the FMLA to cover businesses with 25-49 employees, expanding the use of sick leave, and expanding the State Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) Program to provide partial wage replacement to employees who are on parental leave. Search For Solutions The first possible solution was formed when it came to public attention that many caregivers couldn’t afford to take unpaid family leave due to the laws restrictions. In a national survey it was discovered that nearly two-thirds of employees who needed but did not take family or medical leave because they could not afford it. In addition, almost one in ten FMLA leave-takers was forced to turn to public assistance to help cover the wages they lost as a result of taking family or medical leave. As if the unpaid restrictions weren’t enough, it tu... ...on(actual 1990 expenditure) Number of Employees Covered by TDI  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.1 million (1989) Eligibility Requirements for New Benefits  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees must be eligible for state disability insurance Length of Absence Covered  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 weeks Purposes of Absence Covered  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ · Care for newborn or newly adopted children · Care for ill parents, children or spouses Estimated Number of Leave-takers Likely to Use New Benefits  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  619,250 Average Weekly Benefit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $102.82-193.57 Estimated Length of Leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5-10 weeks Estimated Total Annual Cost of Expanding TDI to Include Family Leave  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $835 million New Cost as a Percentage of Total Program  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34 percent Average Cost Per Covered Worker  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $6.27 / month$1.45 / week   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So by reviewing the data it seems probable that expanding the SDI to include family leave would be a feasible and logical solution that most Californians and politicians would stand behind and implement.

Exploring the greek mythology through the ‘Odyssey’

Literary narratives such as the Greek and the Roman mythologies have played a great part on the development of societies around the world. Especially in the context of western civilization, the mythologies of the Greeks and the Romans significantly shaped the culture of this region. Aside from its culture, it also highly influenced its society in general. In fact, politics and religion are also explained in the light of the Greek and Roman mythologies. In this paper, it will explore on the Greek mythology through the myth on the ‘Odyssey’. More specifically, it will emphasize on its main character by the name of Odysseus or Ulysses. Through this character, this paper will be able to explain the role of myth on the changing cultural make-up of Greece. In particular, this myth will serve as an instrument in identifying the way Greeks perceive and use mythologies. Finally, this paper will also present the different key points of the myth. The Odyssey is an epic of Homer about the adventures of Odysseus. Specifically, this myth is considered as the sequel to the earliest well-known surviving work in Western literature which is the ‘Iliad’. In comparison to many sequels in the present era, the ‘Odyssey’ is considered to be distinct because of its originality and even stands as an independent work. (Napierkowski, 1998a) It has been said that its main character, Odysseus, has been a celebrated hero in the Greek mythology. Being the central character in the ‘Odyssey’, he is best known for is adventures during his ten-year journey home after the Trojan War. His journey to home on Ithaca took ten years because of the anger of the sea god Poseidon. During his journey and adventures, the hero went to many wondrous and dangerous places. Along the way, he lost all his companions and the treasure he had gotten from Troy Arriving home at last after an absence of 20 years, Odysseus had to defeat rivals trying to take possession of his wife and his kingdom. Then he had to prove his identity to his wife, Penelope. (Wickersham, 2000) The adventures of Odysseus are highlighted by his achievement of victory in various challenges or struggles. Among this is the encounter with the Ciconians, the Lotus-eaters, Polyphemus, Aeolus, the Laestrygonians, Circe, Journey to the underworld, the sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, the cattle of Helios as well as the Calypso and the Phaecians. More importantly, one can also add the difficulties he acquired upon his arrival in Ithaca due to the suitors of his wife, Penelope. Eventually, all of these trials were conquered by Odysseus. Therefore, he was dubbed as a hero. Moreover, the qualities he manifested during his trials were considered as the qualities of a real or true hero. Undoubtedly, the voyages and troubles encountered by Odysseus highlights the concept of heroism, loyalty, creativity and order. In addition, the ‘Odyssey’ is also famous for its use of symbolism as well as for the pace and variety of its action. With this, both the ‘Iliad’ and the ‘Odyssey’ set the standard by which epic poetry, if not all poetry of any kind, was judged in the past 1,500 years. More importantly, the story on the wanderings of Odysseus has remained a perennial favorite to the present day. (Napierkowski, 1998a) Basically, the appeal of the ‘Odyssey’ is derived from its nature as being able to present the Greek people as well as the way of life in ancient Greek society. In short, the story serves as an archetype to various societies and not just the Greek community. Particularly, the characters of Penelope and Odysseus serve as a role model to the multitude. Their way of life has been the idealized life of the many. Until today, the moral of the story has continuously been resonated to the people of any culture or ethnic group. Furthermore, the theme of human condition is the most important theme in the ‘Odyssey’. In the story, almost every aspect of humanity is depicted- good, bad, young, old, individuals and groups, the living and even the dead. Other themes also include love and loyalty, order and disorder, heroic craftiness, the nature of women, triumph over temptation, home, the epic journey, the God’s involvement, revenge, heroism and, creativity, imagination and deception. Â  (Napierkowski, 1998b) Indeed, the story of Odysseus made a great impact on the society of the Greek people. In fact, even in the present day, the story on the adventures of this great hero is still related to many people around the world. In the contemporary society, people have created a modern version of the ‘Odyssey’ through the aid of media technology. This is evident on the animated version of this story in order to cater the needs of the children or the young generation. REFERENCES Burns, M. (1996, May 1). The wanderings of the Odysseus: The story of ‘The Odyssey.’ The Horn Book Magazine. Â  72 (3). Napierkowski, Marie Rose. (Ed). (1998). Odyssey: Introduction. Epics for students. Vol.1. Detroit: Gale. (1998). Odyssey: Themes. Epics for Students. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, Wickersham, John M. (Ed). (2000). Odysseus. Myths and Legends of the World. Macmillan: Thomson Gale. Â  

People and culture in Morocco

People and culture in Morocco Morocco issituated in the North Africawith an estimated population of 32 million people.The population growth rate is 1.067%(The World Fact Book, 1). Moroccans of Berber, Sunni Muslims of Arab, andArab-Berber ancestriesmake up the country’s population (Background Note Morocco 1). The population density of Morocco is 72 people per square meter.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on People and culture in Morocco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The age country has three age layers. The first one has children from age0 to 14 years old and form 27.8percentage of the population. The second age layer has people between 15 and 64 years old making up66.1percentage.The third structure has 65 year olds and above which constitutes6.1percentage(The World Fact Book, 1). The country has three ethnic groups. The largest ethnic group is the Arab-Berberforming 99.1%,followed by another group that have people other than Arab-Berber a nd Jews making up 0.7 %; the smallest is the Jewish making up 0.2 % of the total population. The country has different religions, the largest one is Islam, Muslims make up 99%, Christianity follows with 1% and Jewish with about 6, 000 people. The official language spoken in Morocco is Arabic. French and Berber dialects are often used in government, business and diplomacy. The ethnic groups tolerate each other in the moderate Muslim country(The World Fact Book, 1). Morocco is a major contributor toAfrican economic affairs and is among African countries with strong economies. The country grows some of its food for local consumption. However, because it has semi -arid climatic conditions agriculture is unreliable hence the country relieson food importation. The Moroccan diet is Mediterranean and mainly consists of fruits, cereals, and vegetables.People do not eat animal foods a lot. Those in urban areas eat food which is rich in sugar and fats because of westernization that has led Mor occan urbanites to change their eating habits to fast foods from organic foods. Consequently,obesity is prevalent in the urban areas (Morocco 1).Housing in Morocco is relatively good because 83% of the population in urban and 69% live in improved areas with clean drinking water and proper sanitation (The World Fact Book, 1). The country faces challenges in education because of high levels of illiteracy even though primary schoolis compulsory. (Background Note Morocco 1). The health sector is not capable of taking care of the population efficientlybecause there are inadequate physicians and bed capacities in health facilities. Inequality in health sector is a big problem in Morocco (Oujda 1). High levels of young people unemployment and corruption is a major problem in the country.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The country has many visitor attractions. In addition, the coun try has a rich cultural heritage and arts. Places such as the cities of Casablanca, Marrakech, and Fes are major tourist attraction sites because of their beautiful beaches, hotels, bazaars and medinas among others. Another attractionisAsilah, a historic site that has intricate designs made by Moroccan artists. Art in form of ornate ceramics, beautiful mosaics, and intricately woven carpets are readily available for purchase. The country has cultural events such as Tanjazz festival, Timitar music festival, Mawazine festival that celebrate world music. Moreover, the country has the international film festival (Land of Festivals 1). Finally, the people are warm and hospitable hence the country attracts a large number of visitors every year. Background Note Morocco. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. Land of Festivals. 2011. Web. Morocco. 2010. Web. Oujda, Mohammed. â€Å"Social inequalities and health inequity in Morocco. â€Å"International Journal for Equity in Health, 5.1(2006), no pag. The Wor ld Fact Book. Morocco. 18 Oct. 2011. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on People and culture in Morocco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Archimedes Principle Essays - Physical Quantities, Force

Archimedes Principle Essays - Physical Quantities, Force Archimedes Principle Lab Report #10 Archimedes Principle Purpose, Equipment Procedure, Data Analysis Group Discussion Conclusion Physics 2A Professor Lilit Haroyan 1 Table of Contents PURPOSE....................................................................................................................................... 3 EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................................. 3 PROCEDURE................................................................................................................................. 3 DATA ............................................................................................................................................ 4 ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................ 5-6 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 7 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................... 7-8 2 The objective of this experiment is to investigate and test Archimedes principle by directly measuring the buoyant force acting on a submerged object. Also, it was able to determine the specific gravity for total 4 trials. A balance was used to measure the weights and a metal block placing on this balance. A container with an open spout was used to measure the weight. A beaker was used to contain water and weight. An aluminum can was acted as a ship. Sand was used to measure the weight of the ship and string was used to hold the metal block. [Part 1] Verification of Archimedes principle The rod was held up the balance beam and a string was tied with the metal block on the left side. The balance may not be calibrated yet, so calibrate the balance by making sure both sides were equal. Once the balance was equalized, a 600 mL beaker thats filled with water was placed on the opposite side of the string. The block with the string was placed into the 600mL beaker. Now that the balance was uneven again, some weights were placed to make the adjustment with the balance. Most importantly, the block was completely submerged in the water with the balanced weight in this procedure. [Part 2] Predicting the Load of a Ship A large beaker was filled up with water. The weight and height of a medium sized beaker were measured and recorded in the lab notebook. A line should be drawn at the 6 cm mark of the 3 medium sized beaker. An aluminum as the function of a ship was placed into the large beaker and some weights were added into this ship until it was reached up to the 6 cm marker of the beaker. This ship was removed from the water and measured how much weight was used to cause the ship to sink. Sand was put into the cup until the ship was submerged into the 6cm mark. Lastly, the weight of sand was measured. [Part 1] Verification of Archimedes principle exp Fb (kg) Wd (kg) th Fb (kg) E (%) Trial 1 0.0904 0.0853 .0054 0.00547 0.00547 2.41% Trial 2 0.0904 0.0820 .0084 0.00843 0.00843 0.36% [Part 2] Predicting the Load of a Ship H (m) Pw (kg/m3 ) Wth (kg) Wexp (kg) Trial 1 0.04357 0.033 0.06 1000 0.1616 0.153 5.0% Trial 2 0.04357 0.033 0.06 1000 0.1616 0.16019 0.87% This table shows the data collected during the experiment. Weights were measured in gram and converted to kilogram (kg). Height(h) and radius(r) was measured centimeter(cm) and converted to meter (m). Pw was described in gram per cm3 and it was converted to kg/m3 4 V. Analysis (Christian Dignos) [Part 1] Verification of Archimedes principle For the verification of Archimedes principle, the difference between the weight of the metal block in air and its apparent weight in water is due to the buoyant force exerted on it by water. The experimental buoyant force was calculated using the following formula: The Theoretical buoyant force, on the other hand, was calculated by measuring the weight of the water that is displaced when the metal block is placed on a can with an open spout. The volume that the block occupies on the can will match the water that is displaced. According to the Archimedes principle, the water displaced , should be the buoyant force: The weight of the open can was 15.45g, for which the displacement values are subtracted by to find the weight of the displaced water. These two values are then used to find the percent error of each individual trial by using: 5 [Part 2] Predicting the Load of a Ship For Predicting the load of the ship, The formula: was used to find the theoretical load of the ship. For the purpose of this experiment, all the values were converted to kg and meters for ease in calculation. Loading the values above into this formula, the value for was found to be: Trial 1 & 2: = (1000 kg/m)*(3.14)*(0.033^2)*(0.06m) - (.04357 kg) = 0.1616 The Experimental load, , was then found by weight of the sand loaded into the ship to the point where the ship is buoyant to the 6.0 cm height. The weight of the sand and the ship is

Is Your Website Accessible

Is Your Website Accessible Build a platform! urge publishing gurus. Establish an online presence! You dutifully obey. Facebook? On it. Twitter? Rule it. Website? Of course, and it rocks! But did you know you might be restricting an entire group of users and customers from accessing your website and hence, from reaching you? This group consists of people with disabilities. The US Census Bureau states nearly 57 million people, thats 19 percent of civilians, have a disability. Youmay have a family member or friend, know a neighbour or student who is disabled. Imagine them trying to do a basic search online that you take for granted. These same people are also doing exactly what the rest of us are: working, enjoying food and drink, leisure and relaxation, sport and adventure. So why should they be prevented from utilising something as normal and taken-for-granted as a website? What is accessibility? Accessibility describes the degree to which a product, service, or environment is available to people. The more the number of people who can use it, the higher its accessibility. Correctly designed and developed websites empower everyone to have equal access to information and services. Examples of accessibility include: Providing text descriptions of images with meaningful links helps blind users using text-to-speech software or text-to-Braille hardware to read the content. Enabling text and images to enlarge helps users with poor eyesight.   Underlining and highlighting hyperlinks helps colour blind users notice them. Making action areas, like hyperlinks and buttons, large; and enabling keyboard navigation of menus helps users who cant control a mouse with precision or cant keep their hands steady. Captioning videos or providing sign language versions helps the deaf. Avoiding excessive flashing, flickering and special effects considers users prone to seizures. Writing content in plain language and illustrating with diagrams helps users with dyslexia and learning difficulties understand better. Is your website accessible enough? There are a number of options online to help you find out. A one-click website accessibility audit likehttp://wave.webaim.org/ is a system test that can identify accessibility problems and provide guidance on remedial steps. A list of other automated tools available to evaluate website features can be found here: w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/index.html. These tools dont test everything, but can provide a good idea of the extent of your websites accessibility. Must I make my website accessible? While accessibility is not required Your website is your showcase to the world, your online home. Youre proud of it and have invested time and resources in making it useful, relevant and dynamic. You want everybody whos anybody to visit it. Follow the four principles of accessibility explained in simple English athttp://devyaniborade.blogspot.com/p/principles-of-web-accessibility.html to make your website more accessible to all.

Write your own opinion Is there any relationships between dominant Essay

Write your own opinion Is there any relationships between dominant U.S. cultural patterns and global attitudes - Essay Example on towards the United States varies and explains differences in the relationship between elements of the nation’s dominant culture and attitude from other countries. In the year 2008, for example, South Koreans, Polish, and Tanzanians had the highest proportions of positive attitudes towards the United States respectively, while the Kenyans, South Koreans, and French citizens held the highest percentage of positive attitude towards the nation in the year 2009. Variation in countries with highest proportion of favourable attitudes towards the United States continued up to the year 2013. Attitudes that nations hold towards the United States also vary to suggest effects of changes in elements of the nation’s dominant culture on people’ attitudes. Percentage of populations with positive attitudes towards the United States, by countries, increased from the year 2008 up to the year the year 2010 before assuming a gradual decrease from the year 2011. The highest percent ages that favoured the United States show this (Pewglobal 1). Data on attitudes towards the United States shows that elements of the nation’s dominant culture varies to affect general attitudes across the globe and that the elements may be influencing specific variable interests in different nations to influence their attitudes towards the United

Suppliers involvement in new product development Essay

Suppliers involvement in new product development - Essay Example There are a number of reasons that informed the selection of qualitative research method. Most of these are directly linked to the strengths of qualitative research as identified in literature. One such reason is the fact that qualitative research ensures the collection of in-depth data, allowing that the problem or issue understand is better understood (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003). What is more, the qualitative research ensures that data collected are based on participants’ personal categorisation of meaning (Kasim, Alexander & Hudson, 2010). This way, the interpretation of findings is always directly linked to the subjective involved in the study rather than making speculative conclusions. With the proposed study, using a qualitative research method will ensure that stakeholders who are directly involved in the research problem which include suppliers and project managers are the ones whose meaning and ideas count in the data that will be collected. A research of this nature interplays with both the use of available knowledge, as well as the creation of new set of knowledge. It is on this basis that the research philosophy is defined as the researcher’s perception of the way knowledge is constructed (Cooper, 2008). From a philosophical framework, three major research philosophies can be identified which are positivism, realism, and interpretivism. Of these, the researcher proposes to use the interpretivism research philosophy. To use interpretivism, the researcher takes a philosophical position that knowledge is a complex phenomenon which cannot be generalised in a value-free and detached manner (Diriwà ¤chter & Valsiner, 2006). As a result of this, the researcher engages in a series of complex exploration of the given topic by applying critical interpretations to data collected until a conclusion is gradually established. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003) saw a very direct relation between interpretivism and qualita tive research

Potential Investments in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Potential Investments in Africa - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that after globalization of the world economy, entrepreneurs have enlarged their range to the global market. Furthermore, entrepreneurship paired with the ability of globalization is altering the conditions of various regions. In the same way entrepreneurship can work in the interest of Africa as it is further enhanced by a globalized economy.This paper stresses that  Africa is already charming a significant amount of investment from foreign investors in the region. In fact, a study conducted by the AfDB approximates that the continent will fascinate investments of about $85 billion exceeding the figures for the previous year. This is a good sign for people looking to invest in this particular area. This includes investors from Canada who might be interested in becoming part of a growing economy in the world. Even though Africa is a growing economy has not yet counterbalanced the level of poverty in the region, investors are becoming growingly intere sted in investing in the region. There has also been a change in the point of view of Africa from being a provider of raw materials such as coffee beans to a region with a great demand for manufactured goods and services.  Africa has a very big population and has a very great proportion of emerging people belonging to the middle class who are a highly qualified and an educated generation but do not have jobs available or accessible for themselves.

Tesco's Strategic Real Estate Management Case Study

Tesco's Strategic Real Estate Management - Case Study Example The futuristic thrust of a company can be assessed by its assets. If the company carries forward its business prospects by accumulating assets on a recurring basis, this indicates towards the fact that the company is not there for short term gains. Policies of such companies, in general, always happen to be friendly to different sets of stakeholders. Acquiring real estate is one good indication towards the strategic focus of the company. Tesco's policies have been to acquire the real estate with an eye on long term perspective. Continuously monitoring the environment and following the leaders has become key to a successful business. Continuously studying the different aspects of environment (social, political, legal, technological etc.) and taking corrective and adaptive steps accordingly helps in growing of an organisation. Tesco started computerised checkout counters as early as 1982 and this stride continued with opening of www.tesco.com and its online operations. Today it is the largest store in UK with presence in many countries around the world. This study is an effort to find out how the management at Tesco has been able to make use of its strengths and adapted to external pulls and pressure while successfully managing the resources at its command. Of all the changes in distribution during the last century, those taking place in retailing have been the most dramatic. Totally new institutions have appeared in an industry that a hundred years ago consisted mostly of small general and specialty stores. Tesco is one such store which had a humble beginning early in the 20th century and today it is one of the leading company in the retail sector. Besides acquiring prime space in the major cities in UK, in the form of its stores, company has been able to take advantage of the opportunities in the overseas market. This study is an effort to figure out how the company is able to synchronise its marketing efforts while investing in real estate as well. The Evolution of Tesco Tesco has been a leading company in the retailing business. With its presence in many parts of the world, the company has been able to take good advantage of the liberalisation policies being adopted by nations around the world. While talking about the policies adopted by the management in order to take growth oriented approach, it is worth discussing how the company was able to effectively manage its assets like the real estate. It was in the year 1919 that Jack Cohen founded Tesco, when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. His first day's profit1 was 1 and sales 4. The name comes from the initials of TE Stockwell, who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and CO from Jack's surname. It was in year 1929 that Jack Cohen opens his first Tesco store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. And there's no looking back since then. Tesco has a long term plan for growth, based on four key strategies2: i. Growth in the Core UK ii. Making corporate social responsibility an integral part of the business iii. To expand by growing internationally iv. To be as strong in non-food as in food v. To follow the customers into new retailing services The company has been steadily progressing with these strategies over the years and with over 2100 stores in UK and serving 12 markets 12 markets internationally, in Europe, Asia and North America. Over the years, the company has also widened its

Maintaining the Flow of Global E-Commerce Data (Case 2) Case Study

Maintaining the Flow of Global E-Commerce Data ( 2) - Case Study Example On the contrary, philosophy in the United States identifies a level of freedom. There is no government regulation on data privacy and the regulation responsibility relies on individual organization. Even though government agencies act as watchdogs for self-regulation, there is no formal framework for punishing non-compliance. The main difference, therefore, is that while the European Union has a regulated environment for data flow, the United States lacks such a regulated environment. E-commerce relies on technology such as the internet for transmission of data from parties to a commercial communication or transaction. The European Union regulations for data privacy restricts transfer of data to regions that lack a formal regulatory framework on data privacy buy the safe harbor eliminates this rule on the United States. The exemption applies to organizations that meets the Union’s requirements for data safety and allows free transfer of data. The implication of the safe harbor and data privacy is therefore a facilitated E-business because of free transfer of data from the European Union to the United States. Absence of free harbor would prohibit such data transfer and stop E-commerce between the United States and the EU and between organizations in the United States and their subsidiaries in the EU (Morgan and Boardman 217). Conventions such as the establishment of the directive by EU to establish standards for data privacy are legal regulations and binds member states. If the EU and the United States could not agree on the standards then the EU regulations would prohibit data flow to the United States. This would stop E-commerce between the United States and members of the EU because parties in the United States would not receive data from entities from the European Union. The communication barrier would paralyze E-commerce between people from the two regions. This would further have adverse effects on the two economies.

Tesco's Strategic Real Estate Management Case Study

Tesco's Strategic Real Estate Management - Case Study Example The futuristic thrust of a company can be assessed by its assets. If the company carries forward its business prospects by accumulating assets on a recurring basis, this indicates towards the fact that the company is not there for short term gains. Policies of such companies, in general, always happen to be friendly to different sets of stakeholders. Acquiring real estate is one good indication towards the strategic focus of the company. Tesco's policies have been to acquire the real estate with an eye on long term perspective. Continuously monitoring the environment and following the leaders has become key to a successful business. Continuously studying the different aspects of environment (social, political, legal, technological etc.) and taking corrective and adaptive steps accordingly helps in growing of an organisation. Tesco started computerised checkout counters as early as 1982 and this stride continued with opening of www.tesco.com and its online operations. Today it is the largest store in UK with presence in many countries around the world. This study is an effort to find out how the management at Tesco has been able to make use of its strengths and adapted to external pulls and pressure while successfully managing the resources at its command. Of all the changes in distribution during the last century, those taking place in retailing have been the most dramatic. Totally new institutions have appeared in an industry that a hundred years ago consisted mostly of small general and specialty stores. Tesco is one such store which had a humble beginning early in the 20th century and today it is one of the leading company in the retail sector. Besides acquiring prime space in the major cities in UK, in the form of its stores, company has been able to take advantage of the opportunities in the overseas market. This study is an effort to figure out how the company is able to synchronise its marketing efforts while investing in real estate as well. The Evolution of Tesco Tesco has been a leading company in the retailing business. With its presence in many parts of the world, the company has been able to take good advantage of the liberalisation policies being adopted by nations around the world. While talking about the policies adopted by the management in order to take growth oriented approach, it is worth discussing how the company was able to effectively manage its assets like the real estate. It was in the year 1919 that Jack Cohen founded Tesco, when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. His first day's profit1 was 1 and sales 4. The name comes from the initials of TE Stockwell, who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and CO from Jack's surname. It was in year 1929 that Jack Cohen opens his first Tesco store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London. And there's no looking back since then. Tesco has a long term plan for growth, based on four key strategies2: i. Growth in the Core UK ii. Making corporate social responsibility an integral part of the business iii. To expand by growing internationally iv. To be as strong in non-food as in food v. To follow the customers into new retailing services The company has been steadily progressing with these strategies over the years and with over 2100 stores in UK and serving 12 markets 12 markets internationally, in Europe, Asia and North America. Over the years, the company has also widened its

Is it morally obligated to help the poor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is it morally obligated to help the poor - Essay Example This also means that moral principles would not be a measurement of one’s life value. The moral principles of an individual would only reflect in the quality of life one leads. It would also reflect on the quality of life that one transmits onto the immediate and external community. A probable foundation of this concept regards Thomas Jefferson’s idea of men’s equal creation. On one hand, he could have been expressing the view that no individual is of moral inferiority to the other (Waller 187). On the other end, he could have been arguing about equal sharing of certain inalienable rights by all individuals. In this view, human beings would share an inalienable right to proper diet. In case a part of the population has inadequate sharing of the rights, it becomes an obligation for the rest of the population to uplift the disadvantaged. In addition, the direction of help is a fundamental view. It is crucial for the financially able communities to invent stable ways of arousing long term solutions. In most instances, poverty may arise out of inadequate empowerment to sense the opportunities of alleviating the situation. This relates to poor knowledge and irrelevant skills of economic enhancement. The relevance of such empowerment relates to the aspect of establishing self help means. This suggests that the first step to alleviating poverty is providing necessary education for community skills. Most poor communities exist in deplorable states because of external events (Andre and Velasquez 2009). This suggests that external factors contravene their own development. For instance, a business venture would face the constraints of a manipulative environment and corruption. A poor person who would be striving to attain a job would face a constraint out of nepotism and favor to corporate positions (Cullity 290). This occurs in spite of one’s efforts to continually seek for employment. The effective

African American Heritage Paper Essay Example for Free

African American Heritage Paper Essay This paper explores the African American heritage and also identifies the significance of nurses being culturally aware, sensitive and competent when caring for people of African American heritage. Although these terms mentioned above are used interchangeably, they have different meanings. Cultural awareness is appreciating the external or material part of the culture, such as the music, arts, and physical characteristics, and dress. Cultural sensitivity is the personal attitudes toward the culture, such as not saying things that is offensive to someone from a different ethnic or cultural background (Purnell,2013, p. 4). Cultural competence is putting it all together; by using your knowledge to provide culturally congruent care and to be able to work effectively with people in cross- cultural situations. African Americans are the second largest ethnocultural groups in the United States; however, it is one of the most misunderstood cultures. This culture is so unique because they have mixed their cultures from their different homes of origin in Africa, along with American culture. This paper overviews the history, communications, family roles, workforce issues, biocultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, pregnancy and childbearing practices, spirituality, health care practices, nutrition, and death rituals in the African American culture. It is important that nurses see themselves as becoming culturally competent when caring for African Americans, and this involves incorporating cultural desire, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural encounter with the people of African American heritage (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). 2 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE One of the largest minority groups in the United States, African Americans culture includes the various cultural traditions of different African ethnic groups. â€Å"Data from the U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (2001) reveals that there are approximately 34,333,000 African Americans residing in the United States, representing 12. 1% of the total population† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). They were forcibly imported into the United States as slaves from 1619 to 1860 (Purnell, 2013, p. 21). During slavery, they incorporated their culture from their homes of origin, and as a result, their culture included several cultural traditions of African ethnic groups. Many African Americans live in poverty due to discrimination and lack of proper education. Most families of African American heritage value education, but they still struggle to have equal representation in the workplace, and are more likely to work in a hazardous environment, resulting in job related diseases and illness. Due to the lower-level positions and the difficulty in achieving higher opportunities in the workplace, some African Americans continue to feel discouraged. Nurses need to address discrimination and also issues that create ethnic or racial tension in the workplace. English is the language spoken by African Americans, however, people of lower socio economical status communicate in an informal language known as African American English (AAE) (Purnell, 2013, p. 22). According to Campinha-Bacote (2009), the major problem that AAE speakers face is prejudice. Most people believe that AAE is inferior to Standard American English. As a result, African Americans who speak AAE are sometimes misinterpreted as being uneducated. Nurses should be aware not to stereotype African Americans as only speaking AAE, and also not to stereotype them as uneducated based on the way they communicate. African Americans are expressive when 3. A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE communicating and often use body languages to convey their feelings. Their expressive language and body movement can be misconstrued as anger or provocation. Nurses need to be familiar with these characteristics and not misinterpret them. As a nurse, when interacting with African Americans for the first time, be sure to address them formally, until given permission to use other names, such as their first name. The African-American family has evolved over the last two decades and still continues to evolve. A person that is brought up in a traditional nuclear family is more likely to continue that tradition. Whereas, a person that is brought up in a single parent home is more likely to continue that same tradition. Although these situations are more likely, they are not always so. To provide the most competent care, the best thing for the nurse to do would be to ask the patient in a non-judgmental way about family dynamics and also ask them what they would feel the most comfortable with when it comes to decision making for their care. The nurse should then accept this decision. Being knowledgeable about this cultural group’s family values and beliefs are crucial for providing care for the African American patient (Revell McGhee, 2012). A high percentage of African American households are matriarchal and fall below poverty level. With that being said, it is wise for nurses to make a point of including women when discussing health care issues. Nurses also should take note when dealing with homosexual individuals in this ethnic group, not to break confidence by sharing their lifestyles with others. This information can jeopardize and cause conflicts within the family and ruin relationships. Romantic relationships of the same-sex are not totally acceptable within this culture. 4 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE As in many culture, social status is important in African American community. African Americans are often met with negative atmosphere and prejudice attitudes based on their cultural background and skin color. Assumptions are made based on AAE spoken by some as an indication of unintelligence and the lack of education. These assumptions sometimes affect employment opportunities and job promotions. Nurses should be cautious not to fall into the stereotyping African Americans based on these characteristics. African American skin color ranges from light to very dark due to the combination of a gene pool of more than 100 racial strains (Purnell, 2013, p. 25). When assessing for cyanosis in dark-skinned African Americans, be sure to pay attention to the oral mucosa or conjunctiva. When assessing for pallor, note the absence of the underlying red tones that give the skin it’s glow. Lastly, when observing for jaundice, be sure to look at the sclera of the eyes, the soles of the feet, and the palms of the hands for any yellow discoloration (25). Health care is a luxury that low socioeconomic African Americans may not be able to afford. Meeting their daily needs takes priority over what they believe to be minor health issues. Consequently, diseases that could be treatable might end up being a life- threatening situation. African Americans are family orientated, because of this; some tend to initially seek medical attention from family members rather than going to a health care professional. Health care professionals need to be aware of this and work toward teaching and distributing health information via church and community centers. Most African American women are against abortion due to religious, cultural, and moral beliefs. As a result, there is a delay in making a decision until it becomes too late. 5 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Family support is crucial for pregnant African American women. Gichia (2000) studied and found out that African American women look for role models such as older female relatives, or if they have none, they look for someone who seemed like a mother to them, such as a neighbor. These role models can provide the pregnant woman and new mother with needed support. According to Abbyad Robertson (2011), nurses caring for pregnant African American women need to be informed about the variety of ways in which childbirth preparation can occur, as in any other group of pregnant women. Moreover, nurses need to consider the ways in which their attitudes and behaviors send unwelcoming messages to African American women seeking prenatal care or childbirth classes. These attitudes can discourage the African American woman in seeking further care. â€Å"Culturally competent care for the childbearing African American woman includes addressing all components of care including the use of complementary and alternative medicine† (Revell, 2012). The childbirth nurse that is providing culturally competent care should be aware that the perceived norm is different for every family. African Americans are spiritual and are usually affiliated with some religious order. Historically, the church has played a major role in the life of African American culture. The church is a place where they can meet on common grounds. Faith and prayer is one of the most important attributes of Christian African Americans. They believe that God has the power to heal them, and he also has the power not to. They believe that whatever happens to them is according to God’s will. Food is very valuable in the African American culture. It symbolizes health and wealth. It is derived from African descent. When food is offered to someone, it means that the person is valued; and by offering food, they are given you something that is 6 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE valuable to them. When it comes to nutrition, some African American diets are high in cholesterol and fats. According to James (2004), â€Å"African Americans will need information on basic nutrition topics such as serving sizes and reading food labels†. Nurses that work in African American communities should be involved in programs that promote healthy food choices. These programs can specifically be developed for churches, neighborhood grocery stores, and local restaurants. â€Å"Health disparities among the African-American population include life expectancy, heart disease, hypertension, infant morality and morbidity rates, cancer, sickle cell diseases, HIV/AIDS, violence, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and asthma† (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Unfortunately, they have the tendency to see a health care professional only when absolutely necessary. â€Å" Health is viewed as harmony with nature, whereas illness is seen as a disruption in this harmonic state due to demons† (Purnell,2013, p. 33). Recognize and support your patient cultural behaviors and believes to promote healthy interactions. In addition, always provide factual information about health practices that may not be understood due to their cultural believes and cultural differences. In conclusion, it is recommended that nurses familiarize themselves with cultural specific information in order to provide cultural competent care in African American community. Nurses should consider the following question: â€Å"In caring for African- American patients, have I asked myself the right questions. † It is important for nurses to be aware of their biases and prejudices toward African Americans. In addition, they should possess the needed skills to conduct a cultural assessment while possessing knowledge of this cultural group (Campinha-Bacote, 2009). Lastly, nurses should always 7 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE have the desire to become culturally competent not just with African American patients, but any patient that has been placed in their charge. 8 A NURSING METHOD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE Resources Abbyad, C. , Robertson, T. (2011). African American Womens Preparation for Childbirth From the Perspective of African American Health-Care Providers. Journal Of Perinatal Education, 20(1), 45-53. doi:10. 1891/1058-1243. 20. 1. 45 Campinha-Bacote, J. (2009). Culture and diversity issues. A culturally competent model of care for African Americans. Urologic Nursing, 29(1), 49-54. Gichia, J. E, (2000), Mothers and others: African-American womens preparation for motherhood. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 25(2), 86-91, James, D. (2004). Factors influencing food choices, dietary intake, and nutrition-related attitudes among African Americans: application of a culturally sensitive model. Ethnicity Health, 9(4), 349-367. Purnell, L. D. (2009). People of African American Heritage. Guide to culturally competent health care (2nd ed. , p. 21-35). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co. Revell, M. A. , McGhee, M. N. (2012). Evolution of the African American Family. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(4), 44-48. Revell, M. A. (2012). Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the African American Culture. International Journal Of Childbirth Education, 27(3), 55-59.

Molluscan Assemblage on the Intertidal Zones of Butuan Bay

Molluscan Assemblage on the Intertidal Zones of Butuan Bay MOLLUSCAN ASSEMBLAGE (UNIVALVIA AND BIVALVIA) ON THE INTERTIDAL ZONES OF BUTUAN BAY, AGUSAN DEL NORTE, NORTHEASTERN MINDANAO ARIEYL C. JAMODIONG INTRODUCTION Coastal zone is one of the marine environments where the most intense and harsh conditions in the world occurs. This aquatic biome often deals with the changing of tide daily allowing extreme exposure to sunlight so that high temperature, increase salinity (due to intense evaporation) and low water supply is often experienced in this area. Moreover, this part of the aquatic world is open to strong action brought about by the wave thereby making this region the most severe environment to live in. In spite of this, vast array of animals exist because they are well adapted to these extreme conditions. Among these diverse organisms are the molluscs which are the most familiar form of invertebrates on earth. This group of animal is very important ecologically and economically since they create a vital link in the marine food web (Burkepile 2007; Castell Sweatman 1997) and the edible forms are source of protein for human consumption, while the shells are known for its use as raw materials for poultry feeds, cement producer, fertilizers, ornamentals (Paul et al 2014; Tabugo et al 2013; Del Norte-Campos et al 2003; Floren 2003; Schoppe et al 1998) and even has the potential as antiviral drugs (Chatterji et al 2002). Due to these, the coastal zone can therefore be considered as the most productive and since it is easily accessible, this region is vulnerable to impacts of anthropogenic activities (Vaghela et al 2010). Without a doubt, exploitation of natural resources (i.e unregulated harvesting) are now causing catastrophic effects on the molluscan fauna of the intertidal zone (Doloroza Dangan-Galon 2014; Jontila et al 2014; Gomez Mingoa-Licuanan 2006) as a result of rapid increase in human population, tourist development and commercial demands. Interplay among environmental (sediment size, wave action, salinity of the interstitial water, organic matter and calcium carbonate contents of the sediment) and biological factors (predation, competition and recruitment) affects the temporal and spatial changes in species abundance in biological communities (Flores-Rodrà ­guez et al 2014; Esqueda-Gonzalez et al 2014; Rahman Barkati 2012; Batomalaque et al 2010; Rios-Jara et al 2009; de Arruda Amaral 2003; Azouzi et al. 2002). In the Philippines, intense human activities (for instance, harvesting, tourism and fishing) has resulted to un-controlled over exploitation of natural resources especially commercially important species despite international and local laws that banned the harvesting of these valuable commodities. In order for sustainable use of marine and coastal living resources to become successful, sufficient information on biological diversity must be done. Studies on diversity and abundance on molluscs in the country a re inadequate which include the works of Dolorosa Dangan-Galon (2014), Picardal Dolorosa (2014), Dolorosa Jontila (2012), Batomalaque et al (2010), Dolorosa Schoppe (2005) with relatively few works done in Mindanao, Philippines (Manzo et al 2014; Tabugo et al 2013). Therefore, the aim of this study is to do assessment on the abundance of molluscan assemblage (gastropods and bivalves) in the intertidal zone of Butuan Bay with the following objectives: (1) to measure the physical and chemical parameters of the water (DO, temperature, salinity and pH), and the sediment contents (total organic matter, calcium carbonate and grain size); (2) to come up with a list of gastropods and bivalves by identifying collected molluscs; (3) to compare the abundance and diversity of these molluscan assemblage between established sites; and (4) to identify which among the physical, chemical and sediment contents that may control or influence the distribution and abundance of gastropod and bivalve a ssemblage. It is hoped, that monitoring molluscan biodiversity of any marine ecosystem specifically the easily accessible intertidal zone will allow appropriate assessment of the effects of anthropogenic (e.g., pollution, unregulated harvesting, habitat degradation and fishing practices) as well as natural (e.g., hurricanes and currents) factors on species diversity and abundance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Description of the Study Area Butuan Bay is located in the northeast section of Mindanao and is part of Bohol Sea. It has a latitude of 9 °04†²N and longitude of 125 °22†²E (http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Butuan_Bay). The well-known Agusan River, which is the longest river in Mindanao, brings freshwater into Butuan bay. The bay is an important fishing ground where most of the fishermen catch tuna and sardines (Wernsted Spencer 1967). Sampling Stations Four sampling sites will be positioned on the intertidal zones of Butuan Bay, Agusan del Norte for the assessment of molluscs (Figure 1). These sites will be chosen on the basis of the type of substrate and presence of industries, beach resorts and bamboo houses or shanties constructed along the coastline. Station 1 will be situated at Barangay Pook, Tubay where San Roque Metals Inc. is present. The company is involved in nickel mining which dumped its wastes directly into the coast causing the water to turn into a brownish coloration. The intertidal flat is composed largely of broken corals and is characterized by rubble substrate that may have resulted from the mining demolition. Station 2 will be established along Barangay Marcos, Magallanes where Eurasia Match Inc. (EMI) is located. The company is one of the biggest Figure 1. Geographical locations of the four sampling sites in the intertidal zones  of Butuan Bay, Northeastern Philippines (http://www.maphill.com/philippines/region-10/agusan-del-norte/simple-maps/silver-style-map/) distributor of match in the country. About 250 meters away from this station is the outlet of Agusan River which was reported to have carried with it run-off waters contaminated with residues of mercury and cyanide believed to have come from Mt. Diwalwal, the biggest mining site located in Compostela Valley (http://www.bar.gov.ph/digest-home/digest-archives/94-2003-4th-quarter/3282-oct-dec03-mercury-contamination-in-agusan-river). The intertidal flat is distinguished by a muddy flat substrate. Station 3 will be established at Barangay Sta. Ana, Nasipit where the Aboitiz floating power barge was situated. The barge makes use of petroleum to provide electricity to the entire province of Agusan del Norte during long episode of power shortage. Fish pens are also visible along the area. This area is made up of muddy flat with mangroves situated along the shoreline. Station 4 will be placed at Barangay Vinapor, Carmen where the intertidal zone hosts diverse species of corals and seagrass b ed. This site is devoid of any industries although several beach resorts are present. Establishment of Transects and Quadrats Three transects, with lengths of 50 meters and positioned perpendicular to the shore, will be placed on the intertidal flat of each sampling site. The interval between transect lines will be 50 meters. Along each transect, four 11 meter quadrats set 10 meters apart from each other, will be laid. Within each quadrat, all environmental parameters, sediment samples for analysis of sediment contents, and all molluscs seen will be quantified â€Å"in situ† and will be gathered, respectively. Forty-eight quadrats (48 m2) will be laid down on the intertidal zones for the entire sampling sites during low tide. Employing a GPS (Garmin GPSMAP 76S), coordinates for each sampling sites will be taken. â€Å"In situ† determination of environmental parameters and the contents of the sediment Determination of the physical and chemical factors namely, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and salinity will be done directly on the field using the portable DO meter (AMSTAT, AMT07), pen type pH meter (PH-009) and refractometer (ATAGO), respectively. Fifty grams (50g) sediment samples will be collected for the analysis of total organic matter and calcium carbonate using a plastic corer. Soil samples for the grain size determination will be obtained by gathering 200g sediments using a grab sampler. Sediment collected will be placed separately in a Ziploc bag and labelled properly. Three sediment samples for the sediment content analysis will be obtained in every quadrat and will be placed inside the freezer until laboratory analysis. Field collection of Molluscs samples Samples for the collection of epifauna molluscs will be done by means of picking up live organisms seen on the sediment inside each of the quadrat. Specimens gathered will be stored inside a labelled plastic container and will be preserved with 10% formalin-seawater solution. Conversely, infauna species will be collected using a grab sampler which will be pushed to a depth of 15cm in the center of the quadrat. Sediment sample for the infauna species will be placed in a Ziploc bag. Laboratory analysis of Molluscs samples Infauna species will be removed from the soil by sieving through a sieve with a 500 µm mesh opening. Molluscs retained on the sieve will be transferred to a tray and each species encountered will be hand-sorted and preserved in 10% formalin-seawater solution. Immediately, all molluscs will be cleaned, identified to species level and counted. A voucher specimen of each representative species will be set aside and its soft tissues will be removed, its shells will be cleaned and measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using a Vernier caliper and then pictures will be taken using a digital camera (Sony Cyber-Shot, 16 MP). Counts will be expressed as numerical and relative abundance. Numerical abundance will be expressed as number of individuals per m2, while relative abundance for each species will be calculated as a percent of total molluscan species present. Molluscs will be identified using the standard works of Springsteen Leobrera (1986) and the illustrated guides to marine gastropods (ht tp:// www.gastropods. com.) and seashells (www.seashellhub.com, www.jaxshells.com.). Laboratory analyses of organic matter contents in the sediments and grain size Determination of calcium carbonate concentration and total organic matter will be quantified using the method described by Moghaddasi et al (2009). Calcium carbonate will be done by drying the sediment samples inside an oven at 70 °C for about 8 hours. Then, around twenty-five grams (25 g) will be weighed (W1), mixed with HCl (0.1 N) and will be stirred until no CO2 bubbles appeared before it will be stored. After 25 hours, the sample will be filtered and the upper liquid phase discarded. The residual sediments will be dried at 70 °C for 8 hours and reweighed again (W2). Calcium carbonate percentage will be measured by the following formula: CaCO3 (%) = 100 (W1-W2) / W1 For the total organic matter (TOM) analysis, a pre-weighed crucible (C) half-filled with the sediment samples will be dried at 70 °C for 24 hours and afterwards reweighed (A). Subsequently, sediment samples will be placed in a furnace at 550 °C for about 12 hours, then will be allowed to cool before it will be reweighed again (B). The total organic matter will be calculated as follows: TOM (%) = 100 (A-B) (A-C) Grain size will be determined following the method described by Das (2009) using 100g oven-dried sediment which will be sieved using series of screen sieves of 3.35 mm, 0.841 mm, 0.595 mm, 0.31 mm, 0.149 mm, and 0.074 and 0.053 mm mesh opening. Soil particles retained on each sieve will be taken and weighed separately. The percentage of each particle fraction will be computed as shown below: Percentage weight= Dry weight of grained sediments x 100 Total dry weight of sediments Particle size will be determined based on the USDA Soil Textural Triangle. Statistical Analyses Index for diversity profiles will be calculated using Shannon-Weaver Index, Margalef Index and Menhinick Index in order to determine changes in the composition of molluscs species. Variation on the abundance of molluscan species between sampling stations will be analyzed using One-way ANOVA. To know which among the environmental parameters and sediment contents that may influence the numerical abundance of molluscan assemblage, the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) will be used. Similarities among molluscan assemblage will be determined using the Cluster Analysis (Wards Method). PAST (PAleontological STatistical) software version 2.17 will be employed for all the statistical analyses (http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/) (Hammer et al., 2001). LITERATURE CITED Azouzi L., Bourget E., Borcard D., 2002 Spatial variation in the intertidal bivalve  Macoma balthica: biotic variables in relation to density and abiotic factors. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 234:159–170. Batomalaque G. A., Arce B. G. P., Hernandez M. B. M., Fontanilla I. K. C., 2010.  Survey and spatial distribution of shoreline malacofauna in Grande Island, Subic Bay. Philippine Journal of Science 139 (2):149-159. Burkepile D., E., Hay M. E., 2007 Predator release of the gastropod Cyphoma  gibbosum increases predation on gorgonian corals. Oecologia 154(1):167–173. Castell L. L., Sweatman H. P. A., 1997 Predator-prey interactions among some  intertidal gastropods on the Great Barrier Reef. J. Zool. 241(1):145–159. Chatterji A., Ansari Z. A., Ingole B. S., Bichurina M. A., Marina S., Baikov Y. A., 2002 Indian Marine Bivalves: Potential Source of Antiviral Drugs. Current science 8(10):1279-1281. Das B. M. 2009 Soil Mechanics Laboratory Manual. 7th Edition, Oxford  University Press Inc, New York. de Arruda E. P., Amaral A. C. Z., 2003 Spatial distribution of mollusks in the  intertidal zone of sheltered beaches in Southeastern of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 20(2):291-300. Del Norte-Campos A. G., Declarador M. B., Beldia R. A., 2003 Catch  composition, harvest and effort estimates of gleaned macroinvertebrates in Malalison Island, Northwestern Panay. University of the Philippines Visayas J Nat Sci 8:129–141. Dolorosa R. G., Dangan-Galon F., 2014 Species richness of bivalves and  gastropods in Iwahig River-Estuary, Palawan, the Philippines. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2(1):207-215. Dolorosa R. G., Jontila J. B. S., 2012 Notes on common macrobenthic reef  invertebrates of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Philippines. Science Diliman 24:2:1-11. Dolorosa R. G., Schoppe S., 2005 Focal benthic mollusks (Mollusca: Bivalvia and  Gastropoda) of selected sites in Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park,  Palawan, Philippines. Science Diliman 17:2:1-10. Esqueda-Gonzalez M. D., Rios-Jara E., Galvan-Villa C. M., Rodriguez-Zaragoza  F. A., 2014 Species composition, richness, and distribution of marine bivalve molluscs in Bahia de Mazatlan, Mexico. ZooKeys 399:43–69. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.399.6256. Floren A., 2003 The Philippine shell industry with special focus on Mactan, Cebu.  Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. United States Agency for International Development, 50 pp. Flores-Rodrà ­guez P., Flores-Garza R., Garcà ­a-Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez S., Valdà ©s-Gonzà ¡lez A.,  Violante-Gonzà ¡lez J., Santiago Cortà ©s E., Galeana-Rebolledo L., Torreblanca-Ramà ­rez C., 2012 Mollusk species richness on the rocky shores of the State of Guerrero, Mexico, as affected by rains and their geographical distribution. Natural Resources 3:248-260. Gomez E. D., Mingoa-Licuanan S. S., 2006 Achievements and lessons learned in  restocking giant clams in the Philippines. Fisheries Research 80(1):46-52. Hammer O., Harper D. A. T., Ryan P. D., 2001 PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4:1-9. Jontila J. B. S., Gonzales B. J., Dolorosa R. G., 2014 Effects of poaching on  Topshell Tectus niloticus population of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Palawan, Philippines. The Palawan Scientist 6:14-27. Manzo K., Estandarte M. H., Dalipe R. E., Ulangutan J., Lecera J. M., Acob A.,  Diamalod J., Salmo W., Jumawan J., 2014 Survey and diversity of  intertidal mollusks in Alabel and Maasim, Sarangani Province,  Philippines. AACL Bioflux 7(6):449-457. Moghaddasi B., Nabavi S. M. B., Vosoughi G., Fatemi S. M. R., Jamili S., 2009 Abundance and distribution of benthic foraminifera in the Northern Oman Sea (Iranian side) continental shelf sediments. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 3(2):210-217. Paul P., Panigrahi A. K., Tripathy B., 2014 A study of marine molluscs with  respect to their diversity, relative abundance and species richness in North-East coast of India. Indian Journal of Applied Research 4(12):538-541. Picardal R. M., Dolorosa R. G., 2014 The molluscan fauna (gastropods and  bivalves) and notes on environmental conditions of two adjoining protected bays in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2(5):72-90. Rahman S., Barkati S., 2012 Spatial and temporal variations in the species  composition and abundance of benthic molluscs along 4 rocky shores of Karachi. Turk J Zool 36(3):291-306. Rios-Jara E., Navarro-Caravantes C. M., Galvan-Villa C. M., Lopez-Uriarte E.,  2009 Bivalves and gastropods of the gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico: a checklist of species with notes on their habitat and local distribution. Journal of Marine Biology 1-12. Schoppe S., Gatus J., Milan P. P., Seronay R. A., 1998 Gleaning activities on the  islands of Apid, Digyo and Mahaba, Inopacan, Leyte, Philippines. Philipp Scient 35:130–140. Springsteen F. J., Leobrera F. M., 1986 Shells of the Philippines. Carfel Shell  Museum, Philippines, 377p. Tabugo S. R. M., Pattuinan J. O., Sespene N. J. J., Jamasali A. J., 2013 Some  Economically important bivalves and gastropods found in the island of Hadji Panglima Tahil, in the province of Sulu, Philippines. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2(7):30-36. Vaghela A., Bhadja P., Ramoliya J., Patel N., Kundu R., 2010 Seasonal  variations in the water quality, diversity and population ecology of intertidal macrofauna at an industrially influenced coast. Water Science and Technology 61(6):1505-1514. Wernsted F. L., Spencer J. E., 1967 The Philippine Island World: A physical,  cultural and regional geography. University of California, Barkeley Press, 742p. http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/ http:// www.gastropods. com. http:// www.seashellhub.com http:// www.jaxshells.com.). http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Butuan_Bay http://www.maphill.com/philippines/region-10/agusan-del-norte/simple-maps/silver-style-map/ http://www.bar.gov.ph/digest-home/digest-archives/94-2003-4th-quarter/3282-oct-dec03-mercury-contamination-in-agusan-river

Free Native Son Essays: Class and Identity :: Native Son Essays

Class and identity-what's the difference? Merriam Webster's 9th Collegiate-Class: A group sharing the same economic or social status. 2: A group, set, or kind sharing common attributes. Identity: Sameness of essential or generic character in different instances b: sameness in all that constitutes the objective reality of a thing. According to these definitions, class is a sub-set of identity; identity being the container for all different kinds of sameness, class being the sameness relating specifically to economic or social status. An argument that they are the same might state that since one's economic/social status so completely limits or enables people in this society, that the overall identity of people is dictated by their class. It might further define the objective reality as the manifestation of a thing in light of its realistic limits and abilities. Take Robert for example. Who is Robert? What questions do we ask first? What is most important to us in forming our impression of him? In a multi-racial country like the United States, race might be one of the first. Physical appearances: hair color, weight, etc. We need a mental image. Once we know these things, certain assumptions are made. Many of these assumptions are silent, almost subconscious judgments based on superficial information. Robert is b lack. Oh. Where's he from? Detroit. Oh. Lots of assumptions here. His class is practically defined for us through popular stereotypes without mention of his economic position. Guess what, he's poor, lives in the projects with his single mother. Oh. So now, what do we know of Robert's identity? Well, nothing really. But in reality, we can guess a whole lot of real life things that directly affect his identity, define it, limit it. He probably doesn't do well in school. Not because he's stupid, but because he has a bad attitude, and who could blame him: the school he attends performs random searches of students. There are metal detectors and armed guards at every entrance and exit. To him, school is literally like a prison. And what prison really encourages thought in its inmates? No, just get them through. There's no money for thought. Perhaps Robert is in a gang. Sure, gang is a handy label, but he might have a group of friends, and many of them carry weapons. They have a local area in common and believe correctly that Detroit is a dangerous city.

My medicine, work: thus credulous fools are caught Essay

How has Iago made his â€Å"medicine, work† on Othello. This essay is to discuss the tribes and tribulations of Iago; how he has brainwashed Othello and caused devastation to many people throughout the text, such as Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Emillia. I am going to discuss points such as why Iago was so dishonest to Othello; why he caused Othello and Desdemona so much pain and why he didn’t have no love or care for any woman including his wife Emillia. Iago is a very bitter person who wants to make Othello miserable. Reasons for this are simple: Iago is a racist who dislikes black people; he wants Othello’s title/position, as Othello is a high- ranking member of the Venetian army; he loves and wants Desdemona for his wife. However, this last reason is unlikely. Throughout the play, Iago refers to women in a sexist way; at the end of the play, he stabs his wife Emilia to death. Obviously he is a man incapable of love. Throughout the play, Iago constantly refers to women in derogatory terms. For example, he says in Act two, Scene one, † †¦ you are pictures out of doors, bells in your parlours, wild-cats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and housewives in your beds.† In this quote Iago is being very prejudice and sexist towards female. He has no respect and dignity for women especially his wife Emillia. Iago intends to make Othello miserable by telling him that Desdemona is having an affair with Michael Cassio. He will, to an extent, brainwash Othello, also causing trouble for other characters, namely Cassio, Emilia, Desdemona and Roderigo. Iago doesn’t care who he hurts in the process of all this. He is there to cause pain and hurt all round so he gets his own way. There are many reasons as to why Iago is like this, such as: he has emotional feelings for Desdemona; he is jealous of Othello, etc. Iago begins to make Othello suspicious by dropping hints about Cassio, which leads Othello to find out what’s on Iago’s mind. Act two, Scene one: â€Å"That Cassio loves her, I do well believe’t â€Å" Here Iago starts to say blatantly to Othello that he is sure Cassio has feelings for Desdemona. Again Iago carries on with his poison talk to brainwash Othello. Making him into thinking such things about Cassio and Desdemona. Iago begins to start repeating what Othello says which causes Othello to convince himself that Desdemona has been unfaithful. Reasons why Iago is being like this could be that Brabantio is still angry with Othello for marrying his daughter without consent. Brabantio was then murdered. This is very unlikely though. Mainly the reason being the type of person Iago is. He is very cruel and envious person who lets his jealously overcomes him. Iago continues to seem reluctant to reveal what he claims he knows about Desdemona and Cassio. This just proves how intelligent and scheming Iago is. He strongly defends the importance of a man or woman’s reputation, and warns Othello to beware of jealously. Act two Scene one â€Å"At least into a jealousy so strong†¦judgement cannot cure† This quote is from Iago forwarding jealousy towards Othello again using his poison to brainwash Othello. Maybe Iago’s poison works so well on Othello that he actually understands and feels the feelings Iago are feeling himself. Now all of what Iago has been telling Othello has been pure lies. Iago is so corruptive and scheming that he falls into his own trap when Othello attacks him. â€Å"To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company, is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well: Where virtue is, these are more virtuous.† Act three Scene three. This quote tells us Othello finds that being unfaithful to him is the worse thing she can do to him. So really this is perhaps his reason for acting the way he does. Later Othello says â€Å"No, Iago, I’ll see before I doubt; when I doubt; prove; And on the proof, there is no more but this; away at on once with love or jealously!† This quote to Iago basically is trying to tell Iago if you prove to me that Desdemona has been unfaithful then I will believe you! Why doesn’t he just ask Desdemona himself? So here Othello assures Iago he’s not a jealous man. He says he’s confident of his wife’s virtue. Iago warns him to watch Desdemona with Cassio; she is capable of deception. Iago now tells Othello that he has seen Cassio with Desdemona’s strawberry handkerchief. This was true but wasn’t intended by Cassio. It was placed on his love’s shoulder while she was asleep and then Cassio took it. Othello saw Cassio using it and thought immediately that Desdemona was being unfaithful and deceitful to him. â€Å"Have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief spotted with strawberries in your wife’s hand?† Act three Scene three. This Quote then starts to build up the tension between Iago and Othello because Iago is being honest and truthful but not for long. The significance of the handkerchief is that Othello was handed it to him form his Great Grandmother when she die. Othello then gave it to Desdemona as a token of his love for her. That is why it is so important. Next Othello says the following: â€Å"I know not that; but such a handkerchief – I am sure it was your wife’s- did I today see Cassio wipe his beard with.† Scene three Act three. This quote then suggests that Desdemona has given it to or left it in Cassio’s presence. So now Iago claims that Cassio has Desdemona’s handkerchief. Othello fills with anger and hatred as this is not what he wants or expects of Desdemona and he isn’t happy with the he has to find out. Othello is overcome with jealous grief and vows revenge. To Iago’s call of patience, Othello replies his murderous thoughts will never change. Othello is a black man who is high up in the Venetian army. At the beginning of the play we are given the impression that Othello has robbed Iago of his title. Act one Scene one â€Å"Off-capped to him; and by the faith of a man, I know my price†¦worth no worse a place† This quote shows how Iago feels like he has been robbed of his title by Othello. Iago wanted to be higher then anyone because he is a very manipulative and vindictive person. Othello marries Desdemona without Brabantio’s knowledge and consent, which causes uproar. Iago suggests a way of taking revenge against Othello. They shout in the street outside Brabantio’s house and tell him the news that he has been robbed. This then plots the play for what is going to happen. Iago will deceive Othello and do his best to cause trouble for Othello. So then he can rob him of his title. Iago is angry about failing to gain the promotion that has gone instead to Cassio. Iago, pretending to be Othello’s faithful supporter, warns Othello that Brabantio will attempt to break up the marriage. Othello is confident that his service to Venice and his noble descant will make all well. I think that Iago was a very bitter and cruel man. He had no love for no one but himself and was bitterly jealous of Othello. Othello’s behaviour towards Iago was very vulnerable. Act one Scene two â€Å"As double as the Duke’s. He will divorce you† This quote shows that Iago has to be very intentional by claiming quite blatantly that Desdemona will have nothing to do with you as you didn’t gain any consent or blessing from him to marry his daughter. Othello was also very gullible which didn’t help him disbelieve Iago. I also think that Iago’s jealousy caused so much trouble for people such as Cassio, Desdemona, Roderigo and Emilia. Othello’s behaviour couldn’t be helped because of Iago’s ways of brainwashing him. Iago’s brutal and ruthless actions throughout caused many deaths, at the end, which led to him being injured badly too. Unfortunately due to Iago’s duplicitous ways he caused no end of trouble for Othello and Desdemona’s marriage. Therefore his aggressiveness savaged the lives of Othello, Emilia, Desdemona and Cassio within the play. From this play you can see what jealousy and power can do to so many people by just one deceitful being. Iago didn’t have any emotion and love for anyone but himself. He didn’t get what he wanted so he caused a stink until he won, but in this case Iago’s scheming intentions backfired.

Toddlers in Tiaras

Moriah Gates 5/3/12 CPC Research paper Beauty, Money, â€Å"Sexy† Too Soon! Young girls are like a sponge, they soak up anything they see or hear. They are vulnerable and young. Mothers are hurting their children by putting them through beauty pageants–they are setting them up for life’s insecurities like, self esteem issues and eating disorders. â€Å"Mommy please no†¦. Mommy no it hurts. I don’t want to do this†¦NOO mommy! † â€Å"I don’t wanna dance, I’m not doing that! † These cries come from young girls who compete in beauty pageants.The most recent pageant that has caused a lot fuss with some parents and others is the TV show TLC Toddlers in Tiaras. Toddlers in Tiaras is a show that is centered on beauty and wining the crown. Beauty, clothes, makeup, hair, pretty dresses, long eyelashes, spray tans, Botox, waxing, the list goes on. It’s just the beginning of many of the girl’s list they must fallow become â€Å"pretty enough† to compete. Pageants are where young girls are primped and primed to look pretty and much older than they really are, and are made to dance and parade around on stage.Girls as young as two are being put into these competitions learning how to dance and act and look like a teenager. These pageants are teaching girls at a very young age to dress, look and be â€Å"sexy† the way to win. Parents also start doing pageants for money, and the beauty. When girls start dressing in â€Å"grown up† looking clothes, it is taking away their chance to be a child. Children should be allowed to play in the mud and on the play grounds not made to wear loads of makeup, fake hair, and flippers for their smile, and act like a grown up.Mothers express their desire for their daughters to win, and to be the best. One mother said in an interview, how her daughter is on stage. â€Å"My daughter is the Triple F, five, fearless, and ferocious. Her daughter als o chimed with an answer to her mother’s question, asking her about how she like money and modeling. The daughter says she loves money, and money is her favorite thing! With pageants pushed to the side this mother and daughter have been doing modeling and the mother said has made $30,000 in modeling her daughter.The little girl said, â€Å"With modeling, you have to take pictures, be on commercials, and get paid, that’s my favorite part, it’s all about the money! † CNN article wrote, they interviewed a Toddlers in Tiaras, mother who flat out said, â€Å"I love living vicariously through my three year old daughter, Paisley†. That seems to be the common answer for why these mothers are putting their daughters through these pageants. When watching some of the shows, a majority of the mothers of the girls are overweight, don’t have a good job, and have health problems.The mothers use their young vulnerable daughters, to live their dreams of fame and recognition. Some mothers say they will do anything to put their daughter in to competition, some mothers’ say they will take out a second lone if it means having her daughter win. The family somehow finds the money to make the pageant happen for their girls, yet really they see themselves up there in the spotlight doing all the moves not their four year old daughter. What are we doing to our children when we teach them that they have to be â€Å"sexy† to be pretty, and have to look like x,y and z to be pretty.Mothers are putting four year olds into stripper outfits, they dress their girls up as famous actresses like Julia Roberts in the move â€Å"Pretty Woman. † Julia wore a stripper outfit in the movie, and the mother dressed her three year old to be her look alike. † An article, by Fox News says: â€Å"As a treatment of professional sex offenders as well as victims of sexual abuse, I would like the parents of these little girls to assume responsib ility for their choices. They are sexualizing their young children.Do not be surprised if your child is preyed upon as a result of this high degree of visibility,† said Dr. Nancy Irwin, a Los Angeles-based psychotherapist. â€Å"Men can pose as agents/managers and track you/your girl down through the show. Further, know that they will be pleasuring themselves while looking at your daughter’s YouTube clip. † We are grossed out by pedophiles and people who take advantage of our kids, yet we are ok letting our kids run around in out fits that are very sexual.Some say that it’s just a title ‘child beauty pageant’ but it’s much more! It’s a sexualization pageant. Young girls are put in skimpy clothes and taught to do dance moves like bumps and grinds, this not looking at beauty, its teaching girls that beauty is highly sexualized and they have to be sexual to be beautiful. Just thinking about the pressure that is put on the girls is h ard to imagine, they are four and younger, they should not be worried about how their hair is or how â€Å"pretty† they look, yet mothers stress the very factor of beauty.They get professional photographers to take model pictures and when they get the pictures back the girls are modified so much they look like a china doll. They are photo-shopped to the point where the child begins to like they way they look in photos. When the pictures young girls see are photo-shopped selves, they don’t see their true beauty. Girls already have pressure on them to look a certain way and then, when they start pageants, they are pressured into having beauty treatments done. With pageant shows, there is only one winner, and they are the only ones who get the crown.The others are not rewarded and not recognized for their hard work. The pageant girls grow up with attention fully on her, all the time and then, when it goes away, what happens? These girls are going to grow up with eating di sorders and self esteem problems. They are going to feel like they are never good enough, or pretty enough to get the judge’s approval. The judges, judge and score the girls physical features and talent, looking for something that stands out from the rest of the girls. They are not looking at the girl, or how young and venerable she is.Nor do they think of the effects that this pageant will have on her. For example, when the girls forget the dance move and mess up, the mother might berate the child for her forgetting her part. The girls feel hurt and broken because they didn’t do well enough for their mother. Most parents in the show Toddlers in Tiaras tell their children â€Å"If you do really good in this pageant what will this mean? The child, Mommy and daddy will be happy cause I will bring home lots of money. † â€Å"That’s right, mommy and daddy will be proud if you win because it means lots of money! Money is what parents push on them and that the y must win. What is it doing to their children when the pressure is money, if they do not the child doesn’t feel love or important to their parents and they feel worthless. Children pick up on things and can read their parents actions; if the parents are not happy with them then the child feels afraid. They soak up anything they hear and see. We should be protecting our children not endanger them by our carless wants. Bibliography (I forgot to do the right way to do the bibliography, I will fix it next essay)